{"id":36623,"date":"2022-08-14T17:00:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-14T15:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/?p=36623"},"modified":"2022-06-25T13:06:35","modified_gmt":"2022-06-25T11:06:35","slug":"making-good-choices-in-advanced-reading-and-use-of-english-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/making-good-choices-in-advanced-reading-and-use-of-english-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Making Good Choices in Advanced Reading and Use of English Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding: 56.25% 0 0 0; position: relative;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" title=\"Cambridge English: Advanced C1 Reading and Use of English Part 1\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/696864065?h=c8d131abad&amp;badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2503Reading time: <strong>8 minutes<\/strong>\u2503<\/em><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The first task on the Reading and Use of English paper is the &#8216;multiple choice cloze&#8217;. That&#8217;s a fancy name, but what does it mean? A cloze is another name for a gap fill. In this part of the exam they give you a text, usually a couple of paragraphs long, with eight gaps in it. For each of these gaps, you have a choice of four options: <strong>A, B, C or D.<\/strong> These words might have similar meanings, but only one of them will fit correctly in the gap.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As with every text on the Reading and Use of English paper, it\u2019s important to become familiar with the text you\u2019ve been given. Check whether it has a title \u2013 they usually do. A quick glance at that can give you important information on the subject. Next, read through the text to get a general idea of what it\u2019s about. On this first reading, try to ignore the gaps. You can\u2019t work out what\u2019s missing until you\u2019ve read the rest of the text and tried to figure out what\u2019s going on.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36648\" src=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Untitled-design-30-300x252.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"282\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>MOVING ONTO THE GAPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Once you\u2019ve got a decent understanding of the text, you can start trying to work out what goes in the gaps. But &#8211; and this is important! \u2013 as you go through the gaps one by one, try and work out what should go in the gap BEFORE you look at the multiple choice options. Why do I say this? Well, if you look at the options straight away, you might be swayed (= influenced) before you\u2019ve properly thought about the meaning of the sentence. Instead, try to predict not just the meaning of the word you need, but also the part of speech. Then, (hopefully!) you can use the options to confirm your suspicions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>CHOOSING BETWEEN VERY SIMILAR WORDS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You probably realise by now that the reading (and listening) papers of the Advanced exam are full of <strong>distractors<\/strong>: answers that, while wrong, are designed to confuse you and trick you!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36650\" src=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Dont-get-distracted-300x251.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"295\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the listening exam, for example, the speaker might \u2018trick\u2019 you by using a word that features in one of the possible answers. In Reading and Use of English Part 1, however, distractors crop up (= occur) when two, three or all four of the multiple choice options have very similar meanings. Your job is to work out the nuances \u2013 slight differences in meanings \u2013 between the words and choose the right one.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at an example. Read the extract below from a text discussing workplace dangers, and look at the four possible answers:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em>Asbestos still kills over 40,000\u00a0people a year. There are no regulations at present requiring owners to record the __________ of asbestos, meaning that builders and firefighters have no way of anticipating the problem. <\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em> attendance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B<\/strong> presence \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C<\/strong> company\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D <\/strong>residence<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Taken out of context, options A and B have very similar meanings.<\/p>\n<h3><em><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36649\" src=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Untitled-design-53-300x251.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"348\" height=\"291\" \/><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Indeed, if we think about school, every morning the teacher \u2018takes attendance\u2019 (=checks which students are there and which are not), with students in lots of schools answering \u2018present\u2019 to confirm their attendance. We can probably rule out answers C and D as neither seem to fit here, but how do we choose between A and B? Well, we only use \u2018attendance\u2019 to talk about <strong>people<\/strong> being present at something, whereas we can use \u2018presence to talk about someone <strong>or something<\/strong> being there. So, the answer must be B.<\/p>\n<p>Time for you to have a go. Look at the sentences below. For each sentence, try to fill in the gap with the answer that has the correct meaning (answers at the end of the post):<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em>1. The Blackbird, a two man reconnaissance aircraft, served the United States for 25 years until the Cold War __________ in 1990. <\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em> frosted\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B<\/strong> froze \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C<\/strong> thawed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D <\/strong>liquidised\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>2. <\/em><em>Modern buildings boast contemporary aesthetics while encouraging us to live more responsibly by using __________ resources.<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em> shorter\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B<\/strong> greater \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C<\/strong> grander\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D <\/strong>fewer<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>3. <\/em><em>Research has shown that 500,000 drivers will hit the road this Christmas regardless of how much alcohol they have __________.<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em> purchased\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B<\/strong> consumed \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C<\/strong> employed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D <\/strong>squandered<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Takeaway:<\/strong> Improve your awareness of subtle differences in meaning by reading extensively. While you can often work out the meaning of new words from the context, it can also be useful to look up new words in a good monolingual dictionary to learn about any nuances in their meaning.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>THE IMPORTANCE OF COLLOCATIONS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ve talked a lot so far about choosing the word that has the right meaning, but meaning isn\u2019t the only thing that matters.Take a look at this example sentence, from a text about innovations in flight technology:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em>A new high-speed jet aircraft has smashed all records by reaching seven times the __________ of sound \u2013 fast enough to get from London to Sydney in two hours. <\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>pace \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B\u00a0<\/strong>ratio\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C\u00a0<\/strong>scale\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D\u00a0<\/strong>speed<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Options A and D have exactly the same meaning. Both pace and speed refer to how fast (or slow) something happens. However, only option D, \u2018speed\u2019 <strong>collocates<\/strong> with \u2018of sound\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36651\" src=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Collocations-How-words-link-together-naturally.-300x251.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"339\" height=\"284\" \/><\/p>\n<p>English native speakers know instinctively that we use this expression. If English isn\u2019t your first language you won\u2019t naturally be aware of these collocations and you\u2019ll need to <strong>learn <\/strong>them.<\/p>\n<p>Look at the sentences below. In each case, the correct answer must collocate with the word that has been highlighted in bold. Can you select the right answers? (Answers at the end of the post)<\/p>\n<h3><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><em>1. In 1998, whale watching trips were available in 87 countries, with over 9 million participants <strong>generating<\/strong> a(n) __________ <\/em>of over 1 billion dollars.<\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>r<\/em><em>eceipt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B \u00a0<\/strong>income\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C \u00a0<\/strong>means\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D \u00a0<\/strong>bill<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>2. <\/em><em>The volume of <strong>raw<\/strong> __________ for making banana paper around the world on plantations is vast and largely unutilised.<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>materials\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B \u00a0<\/strong>tools\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C \u00a0<\/strong>cloth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0fabric<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>3. Most of us used to go to the dentist every six months. True, we might not have <strong>relished<\/strong> the __________ but at least in the past it didn\u2019t mean taking out a second mortgage to pay for any treatment.<\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>ideal\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B \u00a0<\/strong>prospect\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C \u00a0<\/strong>opinion\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D \u00a0<\/strong>view<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Takeaway:<\/strong> Even though you\u2019re under time pressure in the exam, always read through the completed text one more time before moving on to the next part, and check that you haven\u2019t made any mistakes with collocations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36653\" src=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2022-04-21-at-08.25.35-300x252.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"296\" \/><\/p>\n<p>While we\u2019re talking about making sure that your answer fits in the sentence, it\u2019s important to mention how vital it is to look carefully at what comes directly before and after each gap. Make sure that the option you choose fits any prepositions that might precede or follow it. Let me show you what I mean.<\/p>\n<p>Read this short extract from a text about the effects of stress on eating habits:<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>\u2018Stress causes people to __________ <strong>for<\/strong> unhealthy high-fat and high-sugar snacks in preference to healthier food choices,\u2019 says research Dr Daryl O\u2019Connor of the University of Leeds. <\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>choose \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B\u00a0<\/strong>select\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C\u00a0<\/strong>design\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D<\/strong>\u00a0opt<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>While options A and B might have the right meaning, neither of them can be followed by the preposition \u2018for\u2019. It is only option D which a) has the correct meaning for the sentence; and b) goes with the preposition \u2018for\u2019. So, take care with dependent prepositions. If you don\u2019t pay enough attention you could easily make silly mistakes and drop marks that could make the difference between a pass and a fail!<\/p>\n<p>Try to complete these sentences, which all feature dependent prepositions (highlighted in bold). Can you select the right answers? (Answers at the end of the post)<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>1. While women who work long hours tend to indulge in unhealthy behaviour, it seems long hours have no such __________ <strong>on<\/strong> men.<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>contact \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B\u00a0<\/strong>clash\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C\u00a0<\/strong>conflict\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D <\/strong>impact<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><em>2. Because of financial pressures, the current dental system makes only minimal __________ <strong>for\u00a0<\/strong>preventative work\u2026<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>permission\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B\u00a0<\/strong>limitation \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C\u00a0<\/strong>existence \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D\u00a0<\/strong>allowance<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><em>3. <\/em><em>The term \u2018banana paper\u2019 is used to __________ <strong>to<\/strong> a paper made from the bark of the banana tree.<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong><em>A\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>refer\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>B\u00a0<\/strong>concern\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>C<\/strong>\u00a0name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D<\/strong>\u00a0direct<\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Takeaway:<\/strong> If you feel like you need more help with this, download our list of nouns, adjectives and verbs along with their dependent prepositions for Advanced level English. Test yourself to see how well you know them. Good luck!<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Now, it&#8217;s over to you!<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>What do you find most difficult in part 1 \u2013 collocations? prepositions? Maybe not understanding all the options? What tips and advice do you have for your fellow test-takers?<\/p>\n<p>Tell us about your experiences in the comment section below! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u2018Meaning\u2019 answers:<\/em><\/strong><em> 1.C, 2.D, 3.B<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u2018Collocation\u2019 answers:<\/em><\/strong><em> 1.B, 2.A, 3.B<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u2018Preposition\u2019 answers:<\/em><\/strong><em> 1.D, 2.D, 3.A<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeff &nbsp; \u2503Reading time: 8 minutes\u2503 &nbsp; The first task on the Reading and Use of English paper is the &#8216;multiple choice cloze&#8217;. That&#8217;s a fancy name, but what does it mean? A cloze is another name for a gap fill. In this part of the exam they give you a text, usually a couple [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[34,56,54],"tags":[48,52,47],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Making Good Choices in Advanced Reading and Use of English Part 1 - homestudies elearning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elearning.homestudies.ch\/making-good-choices-in-advanced-reading-and-use-of-english-part-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Making Good Choices in Advanced Reading and Use of English Part 1 - homestudies elearning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ufeff &nbsp; \u2503Reading time: 8 minutes\u2503 &nbsp; The first task on the Reading and Use of English paper is the &#8216;multiple choice cloze&#8217;. That&#8217;s a fancy name, but what does it mean? A cloze is another name for a gap fill. 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